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The Baldwin effect is an inverse relation between a quasar's luminosity and the equivalent width of some of its emission lines. The first such effect discovered was that of the ionized carbon emission line (C IV λ 1549):
Wλ ∝ L-2/3
Variations of this type of effect apply to various types/views of active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
Note that biology also has a Baldwin effect, something entirely different: a proposed effect of learned behavior on evolution.