Kvant 1

Kvant 1 was a scientific module deployed attached to the Mir space station in 1987, which operated through much of the 1990s. It included a number of astronomical instruments:

• TTM - coded mask imaging spectrometer / wide-angle camera.
• Sirene 2 - gas scintillation proportional spectrometer.
• HEXE - "High Energy X-ray Experiment".
• Pulsar X-1 - X-ray/gamma ray (20-1300 keV) detector.
• Glazar - ultraviolet spectrometer.
• Mariya - magnetic spectrometer.
• Arfa-E - ionosphere/magnetosphere investigation.