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The term quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is used for the application of Monte Carlo methods to quantum-theory applications not amenable to more straightforward numerical techniques, such as a quantum many-body problem.
Note that there is another, much newer topic that has current interest: the application of quantum computing to Monte Carlo methods, a notion that is sometimes referred to as quantum Monte Carlo. This is more speculative: quantum computing has a lot of potential, but is still in early stages. To further confuse matters, the notion has also been put forward to apply Monte Carlo methods to quantum theories using quantum computing.