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Bulk silicate earth (BSE) refers to the early composition of the silicate portion of the Earth. Studies are carried out to determine it, using studies of the present Earth composition and the composition of meteorites presumed to date from the time of Earth's formation. Models of the Earth's BSE come into play when comparing Earth and its formation to extra-solar planet observation and models.
I've also seen the abbreviation BSM used for bulk silicate Mars.