Astrophysics (Index)About

standard model

(standard model of particle physics)
(model of elementary particles including quarks)

The standard model (or standard model of particle physics) is a current well-accepted working model of particles which treats nucleons (protons and neutrons) as composite particles that are made up of smaller elementary particles called quarks, and also includes a particle-aspect of the strong force: a boson called a gluon. The model outlines a pattern among the known particles, giving order to the growing set of known particle types. It is consistent with electroweak and the strong force, but it does not explain all aspects of particle interactions, thus is considered merely a step toward a more complete model. It grew from ideas developed in the 1960s, gained serious acceptance in the 1970s and has been tweaked and expanded ever since, and proposed theories to cover more detail regarding particle interactions (e.g., supersymmetry) invariably build on it. The model's elementary particle types:

generations:IIIIIIboson class:gaugescalar
quarks:upcharmtopbosons:gluonHiggs
quarks:downstrangebottombosons:photon
leptons:electronmuontaubosons:Z
leptons:electron neutrinomuon neutrinotau neutrinobosons:W

The meaning of standard model depends upon context. It is often used without qualification in particle physics, and in other disciplines for their own standard models, i.e., their presumably-best-accepted models, usable as working models, and whose details are well known and well documented. An example is Lambda-CDM model in the field of cosmology.


(physics,model,particles,quantum mechanics)
Further reading:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsthe-standard-model-particle-physics
https://home.cern/science/physics/standard-model
https://www.fas37.org/wp/the-standard-model/
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999RvMPS..71...96G/abstract

Referenced by pages:
alternative cosmologies
axion (A0)
effective field theory (EFT)
fiducial
flavor
graviton
lepton
neutrino oscillation
quark
string theory
supersymmetry (SUSY)

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